Raees cave with a length of 780 meters is the result of human excavation, which has many rooms and chambers and consists of three floors and two canals. Niaser is one of the cities of Kashan city located in Isfahan province, so this beautiful and green city is 30 kilometers northwest of Kashan, 240 kilometers from Tehran and 260 kilometers from Isfahan. It sends many tourists to this city every year.
Niaser, in addition to the texture and climate different from other parts of Kashan, as well as extensive gardens and beautiful flower gardens, has facilities such as water, electricity, gas, telecommunications and television and mobile phone antenna coverage, as well as numerous offices, including the municipality, It also has a district administration, police force, bank, health centers and gas stations. This city, which is the last and northernmost city in the geographical region of Isfahan province, has an area of 800 hectares of cultivated land, including 41 farms, 7 residential neighborhoods, and a population of 4500 people, which in summers reaches 8000 people.
Rais Niaser Cave; The rarest artificial cave in the world
The story of Ardeshir Babkan’s victory over Isfahan is the name of the city of Niaser. After the victory, Ardeshir stopped in this place and after celebrating and stomping, he called this place with the name of Afrinansar, and in the course of time, the name of this city changed to Niaster, Nisar. , Nisareh and Nyansar have been changed and finally due to many uses, it has become Niaser. Historically, the architecture of Niaser city is divided into 4 categories; Ritual architecture, an example of which is the man-made cave of Rais, ancient architecture, which includes four towers, architecture after the arrival of Islam in Iran, in which signs of the architecture of the Safavid, Zendiyeh, and Qajar periods have been identified in this place.
Contemporary architecture that started from the beginning of the Pahlavi period and continued until today, such as the building of Shahid Asjadi School and Arianpur House, which is considered the fourth type of architecture in the city of Niaser Kashan, and the architecture of this city is also divided in terms of the types of spaces, which includes 7 categories. will be The architecture of temples or rituals such as the Rais cave and the destroyed temples of Anahita, the religious architecture that includes the mosques of the city, the defensive architecture that includes the remains of Chalehqab tower, the architecture of the huts such as the buildings such as the Talar garden hut and the Boroujerdi hut, which is the last sign of the Qajar period architecture in Niaser. Among them is the division of architecture in terms of space. The residential architecture which includes the stepped houses of Sarkmar, public spaces such as mills and bathrooms, and the architecture of farms, which is an example of the water pools and aqueducts in this city, and also among the indicators in Niaser Farms, building 15, Dari Surabad, which is one of the other divisions of architecture. It is in that field.
The city of Niaser Kashan has beautiful natural attractions that attract thousands of viewers every year in all seasons. From March 15 to the end of April, we see the blossoming of trees, especially almonds, peaches, and apricots, and in the second half of April to early May, the growth of tulips and anemones, as well as the greenness of the land, multiply the beauty of this place.
From May 15 to the middle of June, Muhammadan flowers bear fruit, and the rose-picking ceremony is held along with the celebration of flowers and roses. Also, from the beginning of May to the end of June, we see the presence of birds and butterflies in the gardens, and from the beginning of June to the end of November, fruit trees The load is sitting and the fruit is harvested. In October and December, we see beautiful leafy landscapes and foggy autumn weather, and finally, in January and March, snowfall and rain double the spring and waterfall water and create beautiful scenery.
Among the ancient and natural monuments of this old city, we can also mention Niaser Quadrilateral or Sasanian Fire Temple, Eskandarieh Spring, Niaser Waterfall, Baths and Water Mills, Rais Cave or Weiss Cave and the ancient layer below it, 4 thousand year old plane trees located in Rudab and Sarcheshme neighborhoods, extensive gardens. And he mentioned the beautiful flower gardens, the hall garden, and the Koushk mansion. Niaser Quadrangle, which is also known as the Sasanian Fire Temple, is considered one of the oldest places in this city, and this place was built by the order of Ardeshir Babakan, the founder of the Sasanian dynasty, with dimensions of 14.14 meters, and this building is a perfect example of a Sasanian dome on a square base. It owes its greatness to the beautiful design, the balance of the constituent elements, and the balance and harmony of the composition of the building.
Rais Niaser Cave; The rarest artificial cave in the world
This dome-shaped building, which is located on a rock and overlooks the village hall, is one of the largest, oldest and healthiest four-roomed buildings in Iran, and the materials used in this building are sedimentary limestones with plaster mortar, and it is dome-shaped on a square-shaped room without The wall is built. This building is based on a fictional narrative that has not been confirmed by archaeologists until now. It is the first temple and fire temple that was built in the Sassanid period and at the height of the popularity of Zoroastrianism in Iran. According to Reza Moradi Ghiyathabadi, in 2010, the use of this building and other four-story buildings in Iran was as a solar calendar or time measurement index using changes in the location of the sun.
The calendar structure of the building is such that at the beginning and middle of each season of the year, the rays of the morning sun can be seen in a special and unique way from the middle of the foundations of the building. Today, this renovated dome has become a meeting point for astronomy and astronomy enthusiasts due to its high height, clear and bright sky, many facilities, proximity to the capital and the lovely nature of this area. Eskandarieh spring and a beautiful waterfall in Sarkmar neighborhood are other historical monuments of Niaser city of Kashan, this spring is located at a close distance from Chartagi and is one of the oldest known springs, and this place has always owed its history and antiquity to this spring.
Eskandarieh Spring is located at an altitude of 1680 meters above sea level and in terms of the amount of spring water, we see the lowest amount of water in the autumn season and the highest amount of water in the winter season. Cascade to Koushk, the bed of the waterfall consists of limestone and sedimentary rocks and trees and plants around it.
Two-thirds of the spring water goes to the waterfall and from there to the Niaser plains, and one-third of it goes to the new neighborhood, and the distance between the lower part of the waterfall and the Koushk mansion is 53 meters. Baths and water mills are another historical works of Niaser, which were built during the Safavid period according to the type of architecture used in it. According to the available historical documents, in the past, Niaser had 13 water mills, and currently only 2 mills left. The way of transferring water into the bathroom is that the water is transferred from the waterfall into the octagon through clay culverts, from there into the bathroom and from there to the entire bathroom, and the drinking water of the bathroom is also directed inside through separate cullets.
Providing fuel with firewood, the existence of a safe inside the bathroom and its octagonal entrance, which are separated from the outside environment by corridors, are among the other features of Niaser Kashan bath. The way water mills work is that first, the water from the waterfall is stored in the ovens, and from there, the water flows from the end of the oven with pressure to the mill wheel and circulates the stone. Rais or Weis cave and the old layer below it are other historical monuments of this city; This unnatural cave, which is 780 meters long, is the result of human digging and was created for religious purposes and to perform worship ceremonies. This cave, which extends from under Baghtalar and its adjacent gardens to under Sarcomer neighborhood, was unknown for a long time and was not found in any It is not mentioned in historical documents. Archaeologists date this cave to the period of the Parthians and the followers of the Mithra religion, and they believe that people built their temples in total darkness during that historical period, and one of the other features of this cave is the pleasant air and air circulation throughout the cave.
Ghar Reis, whose main entrance is in Talar garden, is a set of tunnels, narrow and long corridors, 20 rooms and chambers, and many wells, the deepest of which reaches 10 meters, and has 3 floors and two canals that are circular and horizontal. Composed. Bagh Talar is also one of the other historical monuments of this city, the beauty of this garden is the presence of old, tall and sprawling trees, the flow of water from the spring of Alexandria through the garden and a beautiful and original mansion known as the Talar Pavilion, which The date of this garden goes back to the Safavid era and then to the Qajar era.
During the Qajar era, this garden was given to Sabai Kashani, a court poet, by Fath Ali Shah, and until the time of Reza Shah Pahlavi, it was in the hands of the Saba family, and then during the time of Reza Shah, it was purchased by the Zarrabi family, and finally, in recent years, it was restored by the municipality of this region. It has been restored and is a public place for the guests of this city. One of the cultural and human attractions of the city of Niaser is the flower picking and rose picking ceremony which starts from the middle of May and ends in the middle of the month of June, while this flower is sacred among the people and is very sensitive to the sunlight, and for this reason, from the beginning This flower is picked in the morning and usually ends before noon.